Hypertension

Hypertension is persistent high blood pressure above normal, usually exceeding 140/90 millimeters of mercury.

Essential arterial hypertension is another name for it. It accounts for more than ninety percent of cases of arterial hypertension. In the remaining cases, secondary arterial hypertension was diagnosed. These include kidney up to 4%, endocrine up to 0. 4%, hemodynamics and neurology, stress, caused by the intake of iatrogenic substances. There is also hypertension in pregnant women, where an increase in blood pressure is one of the symptoms of the underlying disease.

Among the various types of iatrogenic hypertension, the methods of various supplements and contraceptives differ. In general, the incidence of hypertension contributes to more than 25 combinations in the genetic code of the human body.

Causes of hypertension

When doctors talk about the cause of hypertension, they admit that the cause is still unclear. Therefore, the disease is also called essential or, a disease with an unclear etiology.

The theories that exist in our time and that try to explain the occurrence of hypertension by themselves are indefensible and can push a person into a hopeless situation (when all methods have been tried), without explaining anything either concretely or scientifically. Patients, in moderation, are placed on treatment after treatment. One has to almost always use the help of medications to reduce the condition of hypertension.

In the human body, there is a system called that controls blood pressure. It can also increase for a variety of reasons. If there is an increase in blood pressure, the walls of ducts such as the aortic arch or carotid artery become very tense. Because of this, the receptors located in it become irritated. The resulting excitation, through the nerve, reaches the medulla oblongata. There is a vasomotor center. The activity of suppressor neurons, as opposed to suppressor neurons, will increase, in turn causing blood vessels to dilate and causing blood pressure to decrease. In the case of a drop in blood pressure, such a process occurs in complete contrast. This explains the normal process of increase and decrease of blood pressure in the human body. For no reason, the pressure will not increase. Everything in the body is interconnected.

Causes of hypertension include:

1. Obesity and overweight. People with this problem often experience an increase in blood pressure and, as a result, hypertension. As a rule, people with disorders in the body's metabolism should take it under control.
2. In five percent of patients, the cause of hypertension may be a disorder of the kidneys or thyroid gland.
3. If a person is not overweight and slender. He has no problems with the kidneys and thyroid gland, so the cause of hypertension may be a lack of magnesium in the body
4. Hypertension is caused by five percent of patients: tumors of the adrenal glands, tumors of the pituitary gland, poisoning with mercury, lead, etc.

More specifically, the leading cause of hypertension in most patients is metabolic syndrome. As a rule, in such patients, the content of cholesterol in the blood level is disturbed. Metabolic syndrome is determined by several reasons: increased waist circumference (more than 80 cm in women, more than 94 cm in men); an increase in triglycerides (called fats) in the blood exceeding 1. 75 mmol per liter, or the patient is already receiving medication to correct the disease; high -density lipoprotein in women should be less than 1. 3 mmol per liter, in men less than 1. 0 mmol per liter; systolic blood pressure exceeding 140 mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure exceeding 85 mm Hg; the level of glucose in the blood taken on an empty stomach is more than 5. 5 mmol per liter. Overall, if hypertension is combined with being overweight, then you should check for the presence of metabolic syndrome.

In addition, the causes of hypertension are: psychological stress, diabetes, kidney and thyroid disease, heredity also play a role.

Symptoms of hypertension

The clinical manifestations of hypertensive disease have no specific symptoms. Patients for many years may not have guessed what disease they have. They will feel a high vitality. Although sometimes they can still be overwhelmed by attacks of dizziness, weakness, sometimes with dizziness. But, as a rule, these people believe that it is from overwork. Complaints arise when, as it is called, the target organ is affected. This is the organ that is most sensitive to changes in blood pressure.

The occurrence of headaches and dizziness in a person, noise in the head, decreased work capacity and memory indicate early changes in the cerebral blood supply. Later, double vision, flying in front of the eyes, weakness, difficulty in speech, numbness of the arms and legs combine, but in the early stages, these changes in blood supply are of the next nature.

If the level of hypertension has gone too far, then it can lead to complications in the form of heart attack or stroke. The first and most persistent sign of high blood pressure is an increase (hypertrophy) of the left ventricle of the myocardium. In this case, the increase in its mass is accompanied by the fact that the walls of the vessel thicken. First, the thickness of the left ventricular wall thickens, then expansion of this ventricular heart chamber occurs. So is hypertension. In other words, this condition can be called cardiac hypertension or hypertensive heart disease. With this form of hypertension, gross morphological changes in the aorta (atherosclerosis) can merge, it can develop, as a result of which it can rupture or surgery. Cardiac hypertension in this case is very dangerous.

A common sign or symptom of hypertension is, of course, a headache. And as the most characteristic sign of the disease, with further development, it can appear at different times of the day (patients often complain about the night and the time after waking up from sleep). The nature of the headache can be like a rupture or heaviness in the occipital area, and may also cover other areas of the head. With hypertension, there may be swelling in the legs, which indicates heart failure as well. In addition, they can be a sign of impaired kidney function.

arterial hypertension

Arterial hypertension is the most common disease of the entire cardiovascular system. The word "arterial hypertension" refers to a continually rising blood pressure. An increase in blood pressure occurs when there is narrowing of arteries and arterioles.

Arteries are the main transport routes through which blood is sent to all tissues of the body. In most people, the arterioles shrink very often. Initially due to spasm, and subsequently, their lumens remain almost always narrowed due to wall thickening. And then, in order for the blood flow to overcome the constriction, greater effort is applied, as a result of which the work of the heart muscle increases, and a large amount of blood flows into the vascular bed. Such people usually experience hypertension most often.

This condition is chronic. In about 1 in 10 hypertensive patients, high blood pressure is caused by damage to certain organs.

In this case, we are talking about symptomatic arterial hypertension, or as it is also called secondary. About 90 percent of patients experience a form of essential hypertension, or so-called primary. Patients with arterial hypertension very often experience headaches.

With arterial hypertension, hypertensive crisis is a frequent occurrence. There are two types of hypertensive crisis:

• The first stage of the crisis (when an immediate reduction in blood pressure is required) is classified: hypertrophic encephalopathy, acute left ventricular failure, acute aortic dissection, eclampsia, postcoronary artery bypass. In some cases, hypertension is observed, which combines an increase in the level of circulating catecholamines in the blood.
• In the second stage of the crisis (when the conditions are necessary to lower blood pressure within 12-24 hours): malignant arterial hypertension without any special complications, hypertension, characterized by an increase in diastolic pressure exceeding 140 mm Hg.

Emergency cupirization of hypertensive crisis is carried out in conditions when it appears: a form of seizures (hypertensive encephalopathy), crisis with the presence of pheochromocytoma, crisis of myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary edema, aortic aneurysm.

Physician -prescribed studies for arterial hypertension should include: fundus examination, renal function examination, cardiac examination. He or she may also prescribe antihypertensive therapy to the patient, which will help identify possible complications during hypertension (hypertension).

Stages of hypertension

To properly diagnose hypertension, the doctor must first determine the level or stages of hypertension in the patient and make, so to speak, an appropriate record in his or her medical record. If the diagnosis of hypertensive disease occurs at a later, second or third stage, then the consequences for the body can be more serious than the first stage of the disease. But, nevertheless, some patients go to the doctor in the early or early stages of the disease. And in general, some people measure their own blood pressure at home.

Determine: normal blood pressure, where the systolic blood pressure is, where the indicator is less than 130 mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure, where the value is below 85 mm Hg. Normal high, where systolic blood pressure, where the indicator is 130-140 mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure, where the indicator is 85-90 mm Hg.

• Hypertension of 1 degree (mild), in which systolic blood pressure has an indicator of 140–160 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure, in which the indicator is 90–100 mmHg;
• 2nd degree (moderate) hypertension, in which systolic blood pressure has an indicator of 160–180 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure, in which the indicator is 100–110 mmHg;
• Grade 3 (severe) hypertension, in which the systolic blood pressure is greater than 180 mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure, where the value is greater than 110 mm Hg.

Stages of hypertension

The first stage of hypertension - is characterized by an increase in blood pressure up to 160/100 mm, which can occur in a few days or weeks. But under favorable conditions, it usually drops to normal levels.

At this stage, there are usually no symptoms of the disease. Sometimes there may be complaints of recurrent headaches, trouble sleeping, a slight heartache.

In the second stage of hypertension, the pressure increases to 180/100 mm. Although the patient is at rest, it does not go down to normal levels. In addition to an increase in blood pressure, there may be narrowing of the retinal arteries, left ventricular hypertrophy of the heart, proteins appearing in the urine during analysis, and a slight increase in plasma creatine. There may be headache, dizziness, sleep disturbances, angina pectoris, shortness of breath. With this stage, disasters like heart attack, stroke can come. At this stage, it is necessary to take medication for hypertension.

In the third stage of hypertension, there is an increase in blood pressure to 180/110 mm and above. Almost all patients experience (severe) changes in internal organs. There are frequent attacks of shortness of breath, angina pectoris, heart rhythm disturbances, headaches, dizziness, sleep and hearing disturbances, vision and memory disturbances. Development of renal and heart failure. Stroke and heart attack are guaranteed. Immediate treatment should be carried out.

Treatment of hypertension

There are two methods of treating hypertension: drug and non -drug treatment.

There are various treatments for hypertension, but treatment should begin with treatment of diseases whose symptoms are secondary hypertension, as well as the symptomatic component of hypertension. Non -drug arterial hypertension treatment consists of following a diet in which there is salt restriction, a good rest and work regime, dealing with stressful situations, refraining from drinking alcohol and quitting smoking, and normalizing weight. Only with the low efficiency of this method, drug therapy should be continued.

The goal of drug therapy is to lower blood pressure, that is, to eliminate the cause of this vascular condition. At the beginning of treatment, mono and combination therapy are appropriate. When it didn’t work, I used a low -dose combination of antihypertensive medications. The first line of treatment is prescribed medications that improve prognosis.

• Beta blocker. This is a group of stale drugs that have a hypotensive effect by reducing heart rate and blood volume per minute. They improve the work of the heart in his ischemic disease. But the side effect of such drugs is bronchospasm, so in our time, most doctors turn away from this method of treatment as monotherapy. And also with long -term use, they contribute to the development of diabetes and erectile dysfunction.
• Diuretics. For the treatment of hypertension, saluretics are also used, drugs that remove sodium and chlorine ions from the body. But most diuretics trigger the excretion of potassium from the body. It is better to combine them.
• Potassium antagonists. Used to prevent brain damage. Never you self-medicate in case of hypertension.

Only a doctor can prescribe the right way to treat hypertension after a properly performed examination.

In general, although hypertension cannot be completely cured, it can be said with confidence that good results in treatment can be achieved in the coordinated work of the patient and the treating physician. It is possible to achieve a stable improvement in the state of the vascular system and heart work, as well as increase the level of cholesterol in the blood, which will also contribute to relieving the patient's good condition. Adherence to the absolute instructions and recommendations of the doctor will help the patient get rid of many of the symptoms that can be given by this dangerous disease.

Diet for hypertension

Rational nutrition is a diet that maintains health. It also meets all the needs of the human body for vitamins, nutrients and minerals, as well as energy.

The work of the entire cardiovascular system is closely related to the digestive process. With hypertension, diet has a beneficial effect on the general condition of the patient. Too many meals can make the stomach too full, and thus it can replace the diaphragm, which makes it difficult for the heart to work. Excess fluid also produces a large load. Well, if the diet is filled with large amounts of sodium chloride, therefore water is retained in body tissues, and this leads to an increase in blood pressure, which sometimes also leads to swelling of the legs.

Principles of diet. nutrition: adherence to diet is considered a prerequisite - regular eating at the same time, the best way is also to adhere to frequent and fractional meals - three to five times a day, which is very important for overweight; dinner is recommended to be taken no later than two hours before bedtime - a rich meal before a break provokes the accumulation of excess weight and obesity, and also contributes to restless sleep; food while following the diet should be varied and include products of various origins (plants and animals).

Things to limit:

• salt. It is recommended to limit it to a minimum amount and add only a small amount of cooked dishes. In general, salt itself causes fluid retention in the body and contributes to the accumulation of excess weight. When dieting, it is usually taken at five grams a day. For an increase in blood pressure, salt is recommended to be taken as a type of "prevention", that is, with a reduced sodium content. It may also contain minerals important for health such as magnesium, iodine and potassium ions. Products where low sodium content is found are products of plant origin: fish, cottage cheese, meat. Prepared foods such as cheese or sausages contain an unusual amount of salt. It’s ten times more in it than real meat. If the food is not pickled or not pickled at all, then the taste can be improved by adding cranberries, citric acid, parsley, cinnamon, coriander or dill. Salt restriction is very important in the diet for the treatment of hypertension.
• Liquid. Reduce the amount of drink to one liter a day, including compote, soup, milk, and tea. The purpose of this restriction is to unload the work of the heart muscle and the work of the kidneys. You should also limit the intake of substances that stimulate the work of the cardiovascular system. These ingredients include caffeine and other tonics. They can cause palpitations, high blood pressure and insomnia. Also be careful with instant coffee as it contains more caffeine than regular coffee. Animal fat intake should be limited to 25 grams per day. Hypertension and atherosclerosis are closely linked. High blood pressure contributes to the development of diseases such as atherosclerosis and it itself can occur against its background. To combat this syndrome, you need to reduce the consumption of animal fats, which are rich in saturated fatty acids, and replace them with vegetable oils (olive, sunflower, cottonseed, etc. ). Patients should avoid eating foods that contain cholesterol (kidneys, liver, fatty meats, egg yolks).
• sugar. Sugar restriction should be up to 40 grams per day. The excess is involved in the development of atherosclerosis.
• Bakery Products. Hypertensive patients are often overweight. In this case, it is necessary to reduce the caloric content in food products, thereby limiting not only the consumption of sugar, but also limiting the consumption of jams, flour products, white bread, etc. In such cases, highly effective remedies such as fasting days are most welcome. But again, only on the recommendation of the doctor who observes the patient. You can arrange a fast day once a week. That is, nothing to eat, only water to drink. This will greatly contribute to weight loss. You can also arrange a day of cottage cheese: 400 grams of cottage cheese for five doses, two glasses of kefir, two cups of tea without sugar and weak. And you can also arrange an apple day: two kilograms of apples for five doses.

You must increase the following intake:

• Potassium. Products containing it are very useful in the treatment of hypertension. And there should be more of this product. Potassium improves heart muscle function, and also helps remove excess fluid. Potassium salts can be found in large quantities in vegetables, fruits and berries, as well as in juices. They are also rich in cabbage, potatoes, pumpkin, apricots, prunes, raisins, dried apricots, rose hips.
• Magnesium. It is necessary to provide the body with magnesium. It, like potassium, is needed in the treatment of hypertension. Magnesium salts have a vasodilating effect, which contributes to the prevention of vasospasm. These macronutrients are found in bran bread and rye bread, as well as oats, wheat, cereals, buckwheat, barley wheat, beets, carrots, lettuce, parsley, black currants, walnuts and almonds.
• Iodine. Iodine also has a beneficial effect on metabolism and metabolism in general in hypertension. Foods that contain iodine: fish, seaweed, squid. Salt restriction, provides the body with a sufficient amount of products containing magnesium and potassium salts, which are among the main features of therapeutic and preventive nutrition for arterial hypertension.

In general, the ratio of diet and treatment should be agreed with the doctor observing the patient, because if any prescription is violated, there can be serious consequences for the body.

Folk remedies for hypertension

The treatment of folk remedies for hypertension is very, very effective. The effect will be more and more lasting and positive, but only if the patient leads a healthy lifestyle, as well as adheres to a strict diet.

How exactly to treat hypertension folk remedies?

Decoctions of herbs, as well as infusions for the treatment of hypertension, prepared according to folk recipes, doctors recommend using for quite some time. You can rest for five or ten days every two to three months. The composition of these fees and decoctions includes special plants for lowering blood pressure. They also have sedative, sedative, diuretic and antispasmodic effects. Such a collection contains a plurality of certain compounds that have a beneficial effect on our body. They are called biologically active compounds. It includes: macro and micro elements, vitamins, phytoncides, organic acids and other substances.

Examples of folk recipes used for hypertension:

1. Peeled onions - three kilograms, flower honey - half a kilo, vodka - half a liter, walnut partition - about thirty pieces. The method of preparation consists of squeezing the juice from the onion, mixing it with honey, adding a restriction of nuts to this mixture. All this is poured with vodka and infused for about ten days. After that, this infusion can be taken three times a day, one tablespoon.
2. One lemon, two glasses of beet juice, one and a half glasses of cranberry juice, a glass of vodka, 250 grams of flower honey. All this mix and take one tablespoon on an empty stomach twice a day.
3. Take half a glass of honey and chopped beets. Mix everything and take one tablespoon before meals three times a day for three months.

Also, bee venom has good diuretic properties and prevents spasm of blood vessels, expanding them. This action leads to a decrease in blood pressure. Therefore, it is also recommended to sting the limbs with bees twice a week.

Traditional medicine recommends the use of royal jelly and propolis. They are good powerful antioxidants, and also reduce fatigue and help cleanse the body, increasing its resistance to nervous and physical stress.

In the treatment of hypertension, chokeberry fruits are also prescribed. They can be cooked in the form of jellies, compotes, fruit drinks, syrups and even jams. The juice from this fruit has a great therapeutic effect, which is taken half an hour before meals three times a day.